横山亮次奖  |  百年刊庆  |  中文  |  English

清华大学学报（自然科学版） >

2023 , Vol. 63 >Issue 4: 546 - 559

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.25.016

综述

火焰合成凝聚相纳米材料调控技术的研究进展

  • 沈畅 ,
  • 邵森 ,
  • 郭祺峰 ,
  • 周宇昕 ,
  • 游小清
展开
  • 1. 清华大学 燃烧能源中心, 北京 100084;
    2. 清华大学 热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100084
沈畅(1999-),男,博士研究生。

收稿日期: 2022-11-15

  网络出版日期: 2023-04-22

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA0716204)

收起

Research progress on control technologies for flame synthesis of condensed-phase nanomaterials

  • SHEN Chang ,
  • SHAO Sen ,
  • GUO Qifeng ,
  • ZHOU Yuxin ,
  • YOU Xiaoqing
Expand
  • 1. Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received date: 2022-11-15

  Online published: 2023-04-22

Fold

摘要

火焰合成法是一种凝聚相纳米材料制备手段。该文聚焦于火焰合成凝聚相纳米材料形貌、组分和微观结构调控技术,关注火焰稳定性、火焰温度与组分场、产物粒径与形貌和产物理化性质4个方面。火焰稳定性调控主要总结了旋流稳定法(包括旋流数的计算方法和设计准则)、辅助火焰法、保护壳气法和高焓前驱液法等;火焰温度与组分场调控主要包括燃空当量比调节、冷却网架设、淬冷环架设和前驱液调控等技术;产物粒径与形貌可通过基底材料、液滴微爆、超细雾化、高沸点活性剂添加和等离子体放电等技术进行调控;产物理化性质可由晶体结构、元素掺杂、核壳类结构设计和后热处理等方法调控。前两方面注重材料外部火焰结构调控,后两方面注重材料内部性质调控,在实际实验或生产中,需要根据具体情况综合运用。

关键词： 火焰合成; 燃烧学; 纳米材料

本文引用格式

沈畅 , 邵森 , 郭祺峰 , 周宇昕 , 游小清 . 火焰合成凝聚相纳米材料调控技术的研究进展[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023 , 63(4) : 546 -559 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.25.016

Abstract

[Significance] Flame synthesis is a method for the preparation of condensed-phase nanomaterials. It is energy efficient, cost effective and has the potential for large scale industrial applications. [Progress] This review examined the control technologies for the morphology, composition and microstructure of flame synthesized condensed-phase nanomaterials from four aspects, i.e., flame stability, flame temperature and species profiles, product particle size and morphology, and product physicochemical properties. The flame stability control part mainly introduced the swirl stabilization method, including both strong swirl stabilization (Sg, tan＞5 or S＞0.6) and weak swirl stabilization (S≤0.6). The calculation and design criteria of different swirl numbers for different types of swirlers were evaluated. Methods such as the addition of pilot flame, the increase of active component concentrations at the flame nozzle, the use of high-enthalpy precursor solution, and the addition of sheath gas were also summarized. For the control of flame temperature and species profiles, adjustments might be made to the fuel-air equivalence ratio, oxygen flow rate for atomization, or precursor liquid flow rate and concentration. The installation of the cooling meshes and quenching rings, water addition to precursor liquid and high-enthalpy solvent replacement were also good strategies. The particle size and morphology of the product might be controlled indirectly by adjusting the flame temperature and species profiles which could affect the particle dynamics process. From another perspective, it might also be regulated by substrate materials, droplet microexplosion, precursor ultrafine atomization, inclusion of high boiling point active agent, and plasma discharge, etc. These were realized by controlling the droplet size before particle formation and regulating particle attributes for precipitation, collision, and condensation, thereby changing its size and shape. Four primary approaches for controlling physicochemical properties were summarized, including crystal structure control, element doping, core-shell structure design and post-heat treatment. The crystal structure control mainly included temperature-induced phase transitions and doping-induced phase transitions. The element doping was mainly achieved by regulating precursor liquid with different components and different proportions. The core-shell structure design was mainly realized by using the different precipitation characteristics of different solutes or by the installation of auxiliary devices to stagger the time and space distributions of the two different kinds of materials. The post-heat treatment process primarily consisted of the annealing procedures at different atmospheres, temperatures and time durations to remove unwanted combustion residues and defects, and to induce phase transformation, etc. [Conclusions and Prospects] The first two aspects of this review mainly focus on the control of the external parameters such as flame temperatures and species profiles, while the latter two on the control of the internal properties of the materials such as particle size and physicochemical properties. In actual experiments or production, the control technologies will need to be comprehensively used according to specific situations. Considering the complexity of the composition of the precursor liquid, the stability, volatility, and precipitation characteristics had better be comprehensively analyzed before flame synthesis, so that the mechanism identification and active regulation of the material nucleation and other processes will be enabled from the initial stage of particle formation.

Key words： flame synthesis; combustion; nanomaterials

参考文献

[1] MASRI A R. Challenges for turbulent combustion[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(1):121-155.
[2] XI J F, YANG G Q, CAI J, et al. A review of recent research results on soot:The formation of a kind of carbon-based material in flames[J]. Frontiers in Materials, 2021, 8:695485.
[3] WANG H. Formation of nascent soot and other condensed-phase materials in flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011, 33(1):41-67.
[4] LI G L, SHAO S, WANG S X, et al. Flame synthesized nanoscale catalyst (CuCeWTi) with excellent Hg0 oxidation activity and hydrothermal resistance[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 408:124427.
[5] KOHSE-HÖINGHAUS K. Combustion in the future:The importance of chemistry[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(1):1-56.
[6] LEI G L, PAN H Y, MEI H S, et al. Emerging single atom catalysts in gas sensors[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2022, 51(16):7260-7280.
[7] DING S P, CHEN H A, MEKASUWANDUMRONG O, et al. High-temperature flame spray pyrolysis induced stabilization of Pt single-atom catalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2021, 281:119471.
[8] TRAN-PHU T, DAIYAN R, TA X M C, et al. From stochastic self-assembly of nanoparticles to nanostructured (photo) electrocatalysts for renewable Power-to-X applications via scalable flame synthesis[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(13):2110020.
[9] ZHAO G X, LIU H Y, DU X S, et al. Flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes on glass fibre fabrics and their enhancement in electrical and thermal properties of glass fibre/epoxy composites[J]. Composites Part B:Engineering, 2020, 198:108249.
[10] SCHARMACH W J, BUCHNER R D, PAPAVASSILIOU V, et al. A high-temperature reducing jet reactor for flame-based metal nanoparticle production[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2010, 44(12):1083-1088.
[11] WEI J L, REN Y H, ZHANG Y Y, et al. Effects of temperature-time history on the flame synthesis of nanoparticles in a swirl-stabilized tubular burner with two feeding modes[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2019, 133:72-82.
[12] 齐满富.氯化法钛白粉生产工艺及产污环节研究[J].当代化工研究, 2022(12):143-145. QI M F. Research on the production process and pollution production sections of titanium dioxide by chlorination[J]. Modern Chemical Research, 2022(12):143-145.(in Chinese)
[13] 肖华,劳雪刚,沈震强,等.超低损耗光纤的制造工艺研究[J].现代传输, 2019(1):73-76. XIAO H, LAO X G, SHEN Z Q, et al. Research on the manufacturing process of ultra:Low loss optical fiber[J]. Modern Transmission, 2019(1):73-76.(in Chinese)
[14] LI S Q, REN Y H, BISWAS P, et al. Flame aerosol synthesis of nanostructured materials and functional devices:Processing, modeling, and diagnostics[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2016, 55:1-59.
[15] 孙通,许东东,宋民航,等.火焰合成法制备TiO2的燃烧发生器研究进展[J].化工进展, 2022, 41(1):17-29. SUN T, XU D D, SONG M H, et al. Research progress of the burners in synthesis of TiO2 by combustion method[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(1):17-29.(in Chinese)
[16] 刘永珍,李慧琴,郝先库.火焰喷雾热解法合成稀土复合物研究进展[J].稀土, 2019, 40(1):128-138. LIU Y Z, LI H Q, HAO X K. Research progress on synthesis of rare earth complexes by flame spray pyrolysis[J] Chinese Rare Earths, 2019, 40(1):128-138.(in Chinese)
[17] GVNTNER A T, PINEAU N J, PRATSINIS S E. Flame-made chemoresistive gas sensors and devices[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2022, 90:100992.
[18] ZHANG H, ZHOU H, WANG Y, et al. Mini review on gas-phase synthesis for energy nanomaterials[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2021, 35(1):63-85.
[19] POKHREL S, MÄDLER L. Flame-made particles for sensors, catalysis, and energy storage applications[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2020, 34(11):13209-13224.
[20] KRIKUNOVA A I, SON E E, SAVELIEV A S. Premixed conical flame stabilization[J]. Journal of Physics:Conference Series, 2016, 774:012087.
[21] WANG J J, LI S Q, YAN W, et al. Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by premixed stagnation swirl flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011, 33(2):1925-1932.
[22] ZHANG Y Y, LI S Q, DENG S L, et al. Direct synthesis of nanostructured TiO2 films with controlled morphologies by stagnation swirl flames[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2012, 44:71-82.
[23] SYRED N, BEÉR J M. Combustion in swirling flows:A review[J]. Combustion and Flame, 1974, 23(2):143-201.
[24] WU Z Y, ZHANG Y Y, LIU Z Q, et al. Rapid gas-phase synthesis of the perovskite-type BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ proton-conducting nanocrystalline electrolyte for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells[J]. ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces, 2022, 14(42):47568-47577.
[25] LITVINOV I V, SUSLOV D A, GORELIKOV E U, et al. Swirl number and nozzle confinement effects in a flat-vane axial swirler[J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2021, 91:108812.
[26] VIGNAT G, DUROX D, CANDEL S. The suitability of different swirl number definitions for describing swirl flows:Accurate, common and (over-) simplified formulations[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2022, 89:100969.
[27] SAPRA G, CHANDER S. Effect of operating and geometrical parameters of tangential entry type dual swirling flame burner on impingement heat transfer[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 181:115936.
[28] ELBAZ A M, ROBERTS W L. Stability and structure of inverse swirl diffusion flames with weak to strong swirl[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2020, 112:109989.
[29] BELAL B Y, LI G S, ZHANG Z H, et al. The effect of swirl burner design configuration on combustion and emission characteristics of lean pre-vaporized premixed flames[J]. Energy, 2021, 228:120622.
[30] ISHIZUKA S, MOTODAMARI T, SHIMOKURI D. Rapidly mixed combustion in a tubular flame burner[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2007, 31(1):1085-1092.
[31] SHI B L, SHIMOKURI D, ISHIZUKA S. Methane/oxygen combustion in a rapidly mixed type tubular flame burner[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2013, 34(2):3369-3377.
[32] SKVORČINSKIENÉ R, STRIU GAS N, ZAKARAUSKAS K, et al. Combustion of waste gas in a low-swirl burner under syngas and oxygen enrichment[J]. Fuel, 2021, 298:120730.
[33] ZHANG B, SHAHSAVARI M, RAO Z M, et al. Thermoacoustic instability drivers and mode transitions in a lean premixed methane-air combustor at various swirl intensities[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(4):6115-6124.
[34] ZHAO X F, WU Z Y, YANG Z N, et al. Dual-wavelength excited intense red upconversion luminescence from Er3+-sensitized Y2O3 nanocrystals fabricated by spray flame synthesis[J]. Nanomaterials, 2020, 10(8):1475.
[35] YANG X, WU Z Y, YANG Z N, et al. Flame-made Y2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles:Mass production synthesis, multicolor tuning and thermal sensing studies[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 854:157078.
[36] HU S, YUAN M H, SONG C Q, et al. The role of 2-ethylhexanoic acid in manipulating the morphology and upconversion of flame-made Y2O3:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanoparticles towards remote temperature sensing[J]. CrystEngComm, 2022, 24(39):6925-6932.
[37] HU S, YUAN M H, WANG L X, et al. Aerosol flame synthesis and manipulating upconversion luminescence of ultrasmall Y2O3:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanoparticles[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2022, 14(2):2216910.
[38] MADERO J E, LI J H, SHEN K Y, et al. An approach to low-temperature flame spray pyrolysis for the synthesis of temperature-sensitive materials:Application to Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2[J]. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 2021, 5:100020.
[39] NIU F, LI S Q, ZONG Y C, et al. Catalytic behavior of flame-made Pd/TiO2 nanoparticles in methane oxidation at low temperatures[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014, 118(33):19165-19171.
[40] ZONG Y C, LI S Q, NIU F, et al. Direct synthesis of supported palladium catalysts for methane combustion by stagnation swirl flame[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2015, 35(2):2249-2257.
[41] XIONG G, KULKARNI A, DONG Z Z, et al. Electric-field-assisted stagnation-swirl-flame synthesis of porous nanostructured titanium-dioxide films[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017, 36(1):1065-1075.
[42] TARASOV A, SHVARTSMAN V V, SHOJA S, et al. Spray-flame synthesis of BaTi1-xZrxO3 nanoparticles for energy storage applications[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(9):13915-13924.
[43] BIEBER M, AL-KHATIB M, FRÖDE F, et al. Influence of angled dispersion gas on coaxial atomization, spray and flame formation in the context of spray-flame synthesis of nanoparticles[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2021, 62(5):98.
[44] STODT M F B, GONCHIKZHAPOV M, KASPER T, et al. Chemistry of iron nitrate-based precursor solutions for spray-flame synthesis[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2019, 21(44):24793-24801.
[45] LIU S, MOHAMMADI M M, SWIHART M T. Fundamentals and recent applications of catalyst synthesis using flame aerosol technology[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 405:126958.
[46] MA C, ZOU X Y, LI H Z, et al. Flame synthesized MoO3 nanobelts and nanoparticles coated with BiVO4 for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 205:112332.
[47] DASGUPTA D, PAL P, TORELLI R, et al. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and analysis of silica nanoparticle synthesis in a flame spray pyrolysis reactor[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 236:111789.
[48] MENG L Q, ZHAO H B. Low-temperature complete removal of toluene over highly active nanoparticles CuO-TiO2 synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2020, 264:118427.
[49] ABE O O, QIU Z L, CHEN Z X, et al. Effect of crystallite size on the low-temperature solid-solid phase transformations in the WO3 system[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(23):33476-33482.
[50] SCHNEIDER F, SULEIMAN S, MENSER J, et al. SpraySyn:A standardized burner configuration for nanoparticle synthesis in spray flames[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2019, 90(8):085108.
[51] KARAMINEJAD S, DUPONT S M L, BIEBER M, et al. Characterization of spray parameters and flame stability in two modified nozzle configurations of the SpraySyn burner[J/OL]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute.(2022-10-12)[2022-10-30]. DOI:10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.248.
[52] YUAN X, QING M L, MENG L Q, et al. One-step synthesis of nanostructured Cu-Mn/TiO2 via flame spray pyrolysis:Application to catalytic combustion of CO and CH4[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2020, 34(11):14447-14457.
[53] KELESIDIS G A, GOUDELI E, PRATSINIS S E. Flame synthesis of functional nanostructured materials and devices:Surface growth and aggregation[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017, 36(1):29-50.
[54] GSCHWEND P M, KRUMEICH F, PRATSINIS S E. 110th anniversary:Synthesis of plasmonic silica-coated TiN particles[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2019, 58(36):16610-16619.
[55] GRÖHN A J, PRATSINIS S E, SÁNCHEZ-FERRER A, et al. Scale-up of nanoparticle synthesis by flame spray pyrolysis:The high-temperature particle residence time[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014, 53(26):10734-10742.
[56] CAI L L, RAO P M, ZHENG X L. Morphology-controlled flame synthesis of single, branched, and flower-like α-MoO3 nanobelt arrays[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(2):872-877.
[57] VAZIRI S, CHEN V, CAI L L, et al. Ultrahigh doping of graphene using flame-deposited MoO3[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2020, 41(10):1592-1595.
[58] WANG Z C, JIANG Y J, JIN F Z, et al. Strongly enhanced acidity and activity of amorphous silica-alumina by formation of pentacoordinated AlV species[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2019, 372:1-7.
[59] WANG Z C, JIANG Y J, BAIKER A, et al. Pentacoordinated aluminum species:New frontier for tailoring acidity-enhanced silica-alumina catalysts[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2020, 53(11):2648-2658.
[60] WANG Z C, JIANG Y J, STAMPFL C, et al. NMR spectroscopic characterization of flame-made amorphous silica-alumina for cyclohexanol and glyceraldehyde conversion[J]. ChemCatChem, 2020, 12(1):287-293.
[61] WEGNER K, PRATSINIS S E. Nozzle-quenching process for controlled flame synthesis of titania nanoparticles[J]. AIChE Journal, 2003, 49(7):1667-1675.
[62] TORABMOSTAEDI H, ZHANG T. Numerical optimization of quenching efficiency and particle size control in flame synthesis of ZrO2 nanoparticles[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2014, 23(8):1478-1492.
[63] JAIN R, MARIC R. Synthesis of nano-Pt onto ceria support as catalyst for water-gas shift reaction by reactive spray deposition technology[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General, 2014, 475:461-468.
[64] ROLLER J M, KIM S, KWAK T, et al. A study on the effect of selected process parameters in a jet diffusion flame for Pt nanoparticle formation[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2017, 52(16):9391-9409.
[65] YU S J, JIANG Y, ROBERTS J A, et al. Ultrahigh-quality infrared polaritonic resonators based on bottom-up-synthesized van der waals nanoribbons[J]. ACS Nano, 2022, 16(2):3027-3035.
[66] LI H P, POKHREL S, SCHOWALTER M, et al. The gas-phase formation of tin dioxide nanoparticles in single droplet combustion and flame spray pyrolysis[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2020, 215:389-400.
[67] LI H, ROSEBROCK C D, RIEFLER N, et al. Experimental investigation on microexplosion of single isolated burning droplets containing titanium tetraisopropoxide for nanoparticle production[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017, 36(1):1011-1018.
[68] ANGEL S, NEISES J, DREYER M, et al. Spray-flame synthesis of La (Fe, Co) O3 nano-perovskites from metal nitrates[J]. AIChE Journal, 2020, 66(1):e16748.
[69] ANGEL S, SCHNEIDER F, APAZELLER S, et al. Spray-flame synthesis of LaMO3(M=Mn, Fe, Co) perovskite nanomaterials:Effect of spray droplet size and esterification on particle size distribution[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(1):1279-1287.
[70] ABRAM C, MEZHERICHER M, BEYRAU F, et al. Flame synthesis of nanophosphors using sub-micron aerosols[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37(1):1231-1239.
[71] KHAN S, HAN J S, LEE S Y, et al. Flame-synthesized Y2O3:Tb3+ nanocrystals as spectral converting materials[J]. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2018, 20(9):241.
[72] LÓPEZ-CÁMARA C F, DASGUPTA M, FORTUGNO P, et al. Exploring the Si-precursor composition for inline coating and agglomeration of TiO2 via modular spray-flame and plasma reactor[J/OL]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute.(2022-09-11)[2022-10-30]. DOI:10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.137.
[73] RAHINOV I, SELLMANN J, LALANNE M R, et al. Insights into the mechanism of combustion synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles gained by laser diagnostics, mass spectrometry, and numerical simulations:A mini-review[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2021, 35(1):137-160.
[74] MEIERHOFER F, FRITSCHING U. Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles in flame sprays:Review on process technology, modeling, and diagnostics[J]. Energy&Fuels, 2021, 35(7):5495-5537.
[75] KOIRALA R, PRATSINIS S E, BAIKER A. Synthesis of catalytic materials in flames:Opportunities and challenges[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2016, 45(11):3053-3068.
[76] YUAN X, ZHENG C H, ZHAO H B. Photothermocatalytic removal of co and formaldehyde with excellent water vapor stability over dual-functional copper loading on TiO2 synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis[J]. Solar RRL, 2021, 5(9):2100490.
[77] LI H P, ERINMWINGBOVO C, BIRKENSTOCK J, et al. Double flame-fabricated high-performance AlPO4/LiMn2O4 cathode material for Li-ion batteries[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2021, 4(5):4428-4443.
[78] LOVELL E C, GROßMAN H, HORLYCK J, et al. Asymmetrical double flame spray pyrolysis-designed SiO2/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 for the dry reforming of methane[J]. ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces, 2019, 11(29):25766-25777.
[79] ARAU'JO T P, MORALES-VIDAL J, ZOU T S, et al. Flame spray pyrolysis as a synthesis platform to assess metal promotion in In2O3-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12(14):2103707.
[80] YAN C, YANG X F, ZHAO H, et al. Controlled Dy-doping to nickel-rich cathode materials in high temperature aerosol synthesis[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(4):6623-6630.
[81] CHIARELLO G L, BERNAREGGI M, SELLI E. Redox dynamics of Pt and Cu nanoparticles on TiO2 during the photocatalytic oxidation of methanol under aerobic and anaerobic conditions studied by in situ modulated excitation X-ray absorption spectroscopy[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2022, 12(20):12879-12889.
[82] BONINGARI T, INTURI S N R, SUIDAN M, et al. Novel one-step synthesis of nitrogen-doped TiO2 by flame aerosol technique for visible-light photocatalysis:Effect of synthesis parameters and secondary nitrogen (N) source[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 350:324-334.
[83] BONINGARI T, INTURI S N R, SUIDAN M, et al. Novel one-step synthesis of sulfur doped-TiO2 by flame spray pyrolysis for visible light photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 339:249-258.
[84] LIU S, DUN C C, CHEN J J, et al. A general route to flame aerosol synthesis and in situ functionalization of mesoporous silica[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2022, 61(35):e202206870.
[85] KHAMFOO K, PUNGINSANG M, INYAWILERT K, et al. Effect of PdO-PdO2 core-shell nanocatalysts on hydrogen sensing performances of flame-made spinel Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2022, 586:152817.
[86] WU Z Y, ZHANG Y Y, ZHAO X F, et al. Dual liquid/vapor-fed flame synthesis for the effective preparation of SiO2@YAlO3:Nd3+ nanophosphors[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(1):1299-1307.
[87] TELEKI A, HEINE M C, KRUMEICH F, et al. In situ coating of flame-made TiO2 particles with nanothin SiO2 films[J]. Langmuir, 2008, 24(21):12553-12558.
[88] LIANG Y J, KU K, LIN Y L, et al. Process engineering to increase the layered phase concentration in the immediate products of flame spray pyrolysis[J]. ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces, 2021, 13(23):26915-26923.
[89] ABRAM C, SHAN J N, YANG X F, et al. Flame aerosol synthesis and electrochemical characterization of Ni-rich layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2019, 2(2):1319-1329.
[90] ALKAN B, MEDINA D, LANDERS J, et al. Spray-flame-prepared LaCo1-xFexO3 perovskite nanoparticles as active OER catalysts:Influence of Fe content and low-temperature heating[J]. Chem Electro Chem, 2020, 7(12):2564-2574.
[91] LI J M, ZENG X L. Preparation of one-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconducting Cr0.046Zn0.954O and properties tuning with H2 atmospheric annealing[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2017, 110(8):083107.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

扫码关注，本刊微信公众号
地址：清华大学东门外学研大厦B座908室　
邮编：100084
电话：010-62788108/62771385/62792976/62792994　
E-mail：xuebaost@tsinghua.edu.cn
访问统计
    总访问量
    今日访问
    在线人数
　
版权所有 © 《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》编辑部