饱和导水率异质性对黄土高原浅层滑坡的影响

唐鸿磊; 陈菊; 沈春颖; 张科; 姚新梅; 冉启华

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.25.036

清华大学学报（自然科学版） >

2023 , Vol. 63 >Issue 12: 1946 - 1960

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.25.036

水利水电工程

饱和导水率异质性对黄土高原浅层滑坡的影响

唐鸿磊 ,
陈菊 ,
沈春颖 ,
张科 ,
姚新梅 ,
冉启华

展开

1. 昆明理工大学电力工程学院, 昆明 650500;
2. 贵州大学土木工程学院, 贵阳 550025;
3. 河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室, 南京 210098

唐鸿磊(1992—),男,讲师。

收稿日期: 2022-11-12

网络出版日期: 2023-11-06

基金资助

中国水利水电科学研究院开放研究基金项目(IWHR-SKL-KF202220);云南省科技厅青年基金项目(202201AU070130);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51979243)

收起

Impacts of heterogeneity of saturated hydraulic conductivity on the shallow landslides on the Loess plateau

TANG Honglei ,
CHEN Ju ,
SHEN Chunying ,
ZHANG Ke ,
YAO Xinmei ,
RAN Qihua

Expand

1. College of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
2. College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

Received date: 2022-11-12

Online published: 2023-11-06

Fold

摘要

黄土高原的大规模退耕还林极大改变了浅层土壤物理性质,在减水减蚀的同时,也影响了山坡-河谷坡体稳定性的水文过程。为阐明黄土高原植被恢复背景下土壤饱和导水率纵向异质性对降雨诱发型浅层滑坡的影响,该文采用耦合综合水文模型(integrated hydrology model,InHM)和无限边坡稳定分析(infinite slope stability analysis,ISA)模型的方法,探讨黄土高原植被恢复背景下,土壤饱和导水率纵向异质性对降雨引发的浅层滑坡的影响。通过分析不同植被恢复条件下的土壤饱和导水率纵向异质性特征,对黄土高原佘家沟小流域进行基于物理过程的数值模拟。结果表明：草地、灌木覆盖的坡体失稳风险比无植被恢复的坡体更大,且植被恢复期越长,失稳风险越大,水分累积层最先失稳,深度与土壤纵向异质性有关;林地覆盖的坡体因高饱和导水率,表层土壤失稳持续时间较短,稳定性恢复较快,较草地和灌木覆盖的坡体更稳定;由连续暴雨和入渗造成的前期高含水率可显著增大坡体失稳的风险,而林地会放大这种影响,增加入渗深度并增大下一次降雨引发滑坡的风险;饱和导水率层间纵向异质性越大,越有利于层间水分积累,从而增加坡体失稳的风险。该研究结果揭示了植被恢复对浅层坡面稳定的影响,为黄土高原植被恢复和水土保持工作提供理论指导。

关键词： 浅层滑坡; 饱和导水率; 纵向异质性; 黄土高原; 植被恢复; 综合水文模型

本文引用格式

唐鸿磊 , 陈菊 , 沈春颖 , 张科 , 姚新梅 , 冉启华 . 饱和导水率异质性对黄土高原浅层滑坡的影响[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023 , 63(12) : 1946 -1960 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.25.036

Abstract

[Objective] Shallow soil in the Loess plateau has undergone significant physical changes as a result of the extensive grain for green project, which aims to reduce soil erosion and surface runoff. These changes have altered the hillslope-valley hydrological responses, which are vital processes influencing slope stability. Many studies shows a potential correlation between vegetation restoration and shallow landslides on the Loess plateau. By increasing water infiltration and the vertical variability of soil physical properties, vegetation restoration both induces landslides and increases the volume of landslides. Moreover, shallow landslides have a negative effect on the basin's efforts to restore its ecological balance by sharply increasing the runoff rate and sediment yield rate on the slope surface. However, the impact mechanism of vegetation restoration type and degree on shallow landslides in the Loess plateau is undiscovered, especially how the vertical heterogeneity of shallow soil caused by vegetation restoration affects the occurrence of landslides and the depth of the sliding surface. Therefore, the only way for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in the new period is to explore the influence mechanisms of vegetation on shallow landslides in the Loess plateau and reduce shallow landslides as much as possible while retaining soil and water.[Methods] To elucidate the impact of vegetation-restoration-induced vertical heterogeneity of soil-saturated hydraulic conductivity on shallow landslides in the Loess plateau, a three-dimensional finite element mesh is established in the Loess plateau's Shejiagou catchment, and simulation accuracy is improved through model calibration and verification of infiltration, runoff, and soil water movement. Forty scenarios are run based on the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity measured under different vegetation restoration conditions, combined with the rainstorm and continuous rainfall processes. The Integrated Hydrological Model is used to simulate the processes of precipitation-infiltration and runoff production, and the soil moisture variables at any time and in any position are coupled to the infinite slope stability model to calculate the slope stability.[Results] The simulation results showed that:(1) As infiltrated water accumulated in a certain soil layer determined by the heterogeneity of soil-saturated hydraulic conductivity, slopes covered by grasslands and shrubs were more unstable than slopes of bare soil, and the risk of landslide under a single rainfall storm increased with the vegetation recovery period. (2) The high soil-saturated hydraulic conductivities in all soil layers which led to quick vertical and lateral drainage, lowered the risks of shallow landslide on forest-covered slopes. (3) The high antecedent water content caused by continuous rainstorm infiltration significantly increased the risks of slope instability in terms of landslide depths and volumes, especially on forest-covered slopes with deeper infiltration paths. (4) The greater the vertical heterogeneity of saturated hydraulic conductivity between layers, the more conducive to water accumulation between layers, and the occurrence of slope instability.[Conclusions] These results reveals the impacts of vertical heterogeneity of soil-saturated hydraulic conductivity caused by vegetation plant restoration on slope stability, which can serve as theoretical guidance for future vegetation restoration as well as soil and water conservation on the Loess plateau.

Key words： shallow landslide; saturated hydraulic conductivity; vertical heterogeneity; Loess plateau; vegetation restoration; integrated hydrology model

参考文献

[1] 姚闯闯,姚鑫,顾畛逵,等.基于InSAR识别的黄土高原活动性地质灾害发育规律分析[J].地质力学学报, 2022, 28(2):257-267. YAO C C, YAO X, GU Z K, et al. Analysis on the development law of active geological hazards in the Loess plateau based on InSAR identification[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2022, 28(2):257-267.(in Chinese)
[2] 孙萍萍,张茂省,程秀娟,等.黄土高原地质灾害发生规律[J].山地学报, 2019, 37(5):737-746. SUN P P, ZHANG M S, CHENG X J, et al. On the regularity of geological hazards on the Loess plateau in china[J]. Mountain Research, 2019, 37(5):737-746.(in Chinese)
[3] 孙萍萍,张茂省,江睿君,等.降雨诱发浅层黄土滑坡变形破坏机制[J].地质通报, 2021, 40(10):1617-1625. SUN P P, ZHANG M S, JUN R J, et al. Deformation and failure mechanism of rainfall-induced shallow loess landslide[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2021, 40(10):1617-1625.(in Chinese)
[4] 徐增辉.气候变化对黄土高原浅层滑坡影响的模拟研究:以延安宝塔区为例[D].西安:西北农林科技大学, 2020. XU Z H. The impact of climate change on shallow landslides in the Loess plateau:A case study in Yan'an Pagoda region[D]. Xi'an:Northwest A&F University, 2020.(in Chinese)
[5] 刘文红.黄土高原滑坡发育背景与成灾模式研究[D].西安:长安大学, 2016. LIU W H. Study on the background and disaster modes of landslide on Loess plateau[D]. Xi'an:Chang'an University, 2016.(in Chinese)
[6] 郭富赟,孟兴民,黎志恒,等.天水市"7·25"群发性地质灾害特征及成因[J].山地学报, 2015, 33(1):100-107. GUO F Y, MENG X M, LI Z H, et al. Characteristics and causes of assembled geo-hazards induced by the rainstorm on 25th July 2013 in Tianshui city.[J]. Mountain Research, 2015, 33(1):100-107.(in Chinese)
[7] GUO W Z, CHEN Z X, WANG W L, et al. Telling a different story:The promote role of vegetation in the initiation of shallow landslides during rainfall on the Chinese Loess plateau[J]. Geomorphology, 2020, 350:106879.
[8] TSAI T L, WANG J K. Examination of influences of rainfall patterns on shallow landslides due to dissipation of matric suction[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 63(1):65-75.
[9] RAN Q H, HONG Y Y, LI W, et al. A modelling study of rainfall-induced shallow landslide mechanisms under different rainfall characteristics[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 563:790-801.
[10] 陈苍乙,冉启华,刘琳,等.土壤渗透系数各向异性对我国西南山区小流域产汇流过程的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电, 2021(8):67-73. CHEN C Y, RAN Q H, LIU L, et al. The influence of anisotropy of soil hydraulic conductivity on rainfall-runoff process in a mountainous catchment in southwest China[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2021(8):67-73.(in Chinese)
[11] YU Y, ZHAO W W, MARTINEZ-MURILLO J F, et al. Loess plateau:From degradation to restoration[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 738:140206.
[12] 王逸男,孔祥兵,赵春敬,等. 2000-2020年黄土高原植被覆盖度时空格局变化分析[J].水土保持学报, 2022, 36(3):130-137. WANG Y N, KONG X B, ZHAO C J, et al. Change of vegetation coverage in the Loess plateau from 2000 to 2020 and its spatiotemporal pattern analysis[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022, 36(3):130-137.(in Chinese)
[13] 胡春宏,张晓明.黄土高原水土流失治理与黄河水沙变化[J].水利水电技术, 2020, 51(1):1-11. HU C H, ZHANG X M. Loess plateau soil erosion governance and runoff-sediment variation of Yellow River[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2020, 51(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[14] GU C J, MU X M, GAO P, et al. Influence of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties in the Loess plateau, China[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2019, 19(2):716-728.
[15] 张泽凡,张学珍.黄土高原植被恢复对土壤物理参数的影响:基于已发表数据的荟萃分析[J].地理科学进展, 2021, 40(6):1012-1025. ZHANG Z F, ZHANG X Z. Effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical parameters on the Loess plateau:A meta-analysis based on published data[J]. Progress in Geography, 2021, 40(6):1012-1025.(in Chinese)
[16] 高海东,吴曌.黄河头道拐-潼关区间植被恢复及其对水沙过程影响[J].地理学报, 2021, 76(5):1206-1217. GAO H D, WU Z. Vegetation restoration and its effect on runoff and sediment processes in the Toudaoguai-Tongguan section of the Yellow River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(5):1206-1217.(in Chinese)
[17] 穆兴民,顾朝军,孙文义,等.植被恢复改变黄土高原产流模式问题初探[J].人民黄河, 2019, 41(10):31-39. MU X M, GU C J, SUN W Y, et al. Preliminary assessment effect of vegetation restoration on runoff generation pattern of the Loess plateau[J]. Yellow River, 2019, 41(10):31-39.(in Chinese)
[18] REN Z P, ZHU L J, WANG B, et al. Soil hydraulic conductivity as affected by vegetation restoration age on the Loess plateau, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2016, 8(4):546-555.
[19] RAN Q H, HONG Y Y, CHEN X X, et al. Impact of soil properties on water and sediment transport:A case study at a small catchment in the Loess plateau[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 574:211-225.
[20] 洪艳艳.黄土高原植被恢复对地表产流机制的影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2020. HONG Y Y. Study on the influence of vegetation restoration on the surface runoff generation mechanisms on Loess plateau[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2020.(in Chinese)
[21] 宁珍,高光耀,傅伯杰.黄土高原流域水沙变化研究进展[J].生态学报, 2020, 40(1):2-9. NING Z, GAO G Y, FU B J. Changes in streamflow and sediment load in the catchments of the Loess plateau, China:A review[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(1):2-9.(in Chinese)
[22] WANG G L, LI T L, XING X L, et al. Research on loess flow-slides induced by rainfall in July 2013 in Yan'an, NW China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 73(12):7933-7944.
[23] 许阳光,郭文召,王文龙,等.极端降雨下黄土高原草被沟坡浅层滑坡特征及其对产流产沙的影响[J].生态学报, 2022, 42(19):7898-7909. XU Y G, GUO W Z, WANG W L, et al. Characteristics of shallow landslides under extreme rainfall and their effects on runoff and sediment on the Loess plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(19):7898-7909.(in Chinese)
[24] 韩勇,郑粉莉,徐锡蒙,等.子午岭林区浅层滑坡侵蚀与植被的关系:以富县"7·21"特大暴雨为例[J].生态学报, 2016, 36(15):4635-4643. HAN Y, ZHENG F L, XU X M, et al. Relationship between shallow landslide erosion and vegetation in the Ziwuling forest area:A case study of the"7·21" disaster in Fuxian county[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(15):4635-4643.(in Chinese)
[25] 赵兴阳.暴雨条件下植被对沟坡重力侵蚀的影响研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2018. ZHAO X Y. Effects of vegetation on gravity erosion on the gully wall under the intense rainfall[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology, 2018.(in Chinese)
[26] 李凯,孙悦迪,江宝骅,等.基于像元二分法的白龙江流域植被覆盖度与滑坡时空格局分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 50(3):376-382. LI K, SUN Y D, JIANG B H, et al. Analysis on spatial-temporal patterns of the vegetation coverage and landslides in Bailongjiang river basin based on the dimidiate pixel model[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 2014, 50(3):376-382.(in Chinese)
[27] MIRUS B B, SMITH J B, GODT J W, et al. Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon coast range, USA[C]//Proceedings of the Landslides and Engineered Slopes Experience, Theory and Practice. Napoli, Italy:Proceedings, 2016:1431-1439.
[28] ANAGNOSTOPOULOS G G, FATICHI S, BURLANDO P. An advanced process-based distributed model for the investigation of rainfall-induced landslides:The effect of process representation and boundary conditions[J]. Water Resources Research, 2015, 51(9):7501-7523.
[29] 唐鸿磊.淤地坝全寿命周期内的流域水沙阻控效率分析[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2019. TANG H L. Analysis of runoff/sediment reduction efficiency of check-dam in its lifespan[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[30] RAN Q H, TANG H L, WANG F, et al. Numerical modelling shows an old check-dam still attenuates flooding and sediment transport[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2021, 46(8):1549-1567.
[31] PAL D, GALELLI S, TANG H L, et al. Toward improved design of check dam systems:A case study in the Loess plateau, China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 559:762-773.
[32] VANDERKWAAK J E. Numerical simulation of flow and chemical transport in integrated surface-subsurface hydrologic systems[D]. Waterloo:University of Waterloo, 1999.
[33] MIRUS B B, EBEL B A, LOAGUE K, et al. Simulated effect of a forest road on near-surface hydrologic response:Redux[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2007, 32(1):126-142.
[34] 庄建琦,彭建兵,张利勇.不同降雨条件下黄土高原浅层滑坡危险性预测评价[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2013, 43(3):867-876. ZHUANG J Q, PENG J B, ZHANG L Y. Risk assessment and prediction of the shallow landslide at different precipitation in Loess plateau[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2013, 43(3):867-876.(in Chinese)
[35] 康超,谌文武,张帆宇,等.确定性模型在黄土沟壑区斜坡稳定性预测中的应用[J].岩土力学, 2011, 32(1):207-210, 260. KANG C, CHEN W W, ZHANG F Y, et al. Application of deterministic model to analyzing stability of hillslope of loess gully area[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(1):207-210, 260.(in Chinese)
[36] RAN Q H, WANG F, GAO J H. The effect of storm movement on infiltration, runoff and soil erosion in a semi-arid catchment[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2020, 34(23):4526-4540.
[37] TANG H L, PAN H L, RAN Q H. Impacts of filled check dams with different deployment strategies on the flood and sediment transport processes in a Loess plateau catchment[J]. Water, 2020, 12(5):1319.
[38] ZHUANG J Q, PENG J B, WANG G H, et al. Prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the Loess plateau, Yan'an, China, using the TRIGRS model[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2017, 42(6):915-927.
[39] 张永旺.黄土丘陵区不同恢复植被下土壤蓄持水分能力及其调控[D].咸阳:中国科学院大学, 2017. ZHANG Y W. Soil water storing and holding capacity and regulation under different restored vegetations in Loess hilly region[D]. Xianyang:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017.(in Chinese)
[40] SUN T, DENG Z Y, XU Z X, et al. Volume estimation of landslide affected soil moisture using TRIGRS:A case study of Longxi river small watershed in Wenchuan earthquake zone, China[J]. Water, 2020, 13(1):71.
[41] 李高,谭建民,王世梅,等.滑坡对降雨响应的多指标监测及综合预警探析:以赣南罗坳滑坡为例[J].地学前缘, 2021, 28(6):283-294. LI G, TAN J M, WANG S M, et al. Multi-index monitoring and comprehensive early warning of landslides in response to rainfall:An example of the Luoao landslide in southern Jiangxi province[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(6):283-294.(in Chinese)
[42] 刘朝.滑坡物理模型试验的危险降雨过程研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学, 2019. LIU Z. Study on dangerous rainfall process of landslide physical model test[D]. Yichang:China Three Gorges University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[43] CHIRICO G B, BORGA M, TAROLLI P, et al. Role of[C]//International Conference on Four Decades of Progress in Monitoring and Modeling of Processes in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System. Naples, Italy:Proceedings, 2013:932-941.
[44] 卢珊,胡泽勇,付春伟,等.黄土高原夏季极端降水及其成因分析[J].高原气象, 2022, 41(1):241-254. LU S, HU Z Y, FU C W, et al. Characteristics and possible causes for extreme precipitation in summer over the Loess plateau[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2022, 41(1):241-254.(in Chinese)

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献

访问统计