车道车型分布差异对隧道疏散时间的影响

刘顶立, 李颖, 徐志胜, 刘伟军, 黄遥

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.22.014

清华大学学报（自然科学版） >

2024 , Vol. 64 >Issue 6: 1007 - 1015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.22.014

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车道车型分布差异对隧道疏散时间的影响

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1. 长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院, 长沙 410114;
2. 中南大学土木工程学院, 长沙 410075

收稿日期: 2024-01-15

网络出版日期: 2024-05-14

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52204202);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ40058);湖南省交通运输厅科技项目(202122)

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Impact of differences in vehicle type distribution across lanes on tunnel evacuation time

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1. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;
2. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China

Received date: 2024-01-15

Online published: 2024-05-14

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摘要

疏散仿真模拟是研究隧道安全的重要方式。现有公路隧道疏散仿真模拟研究均假定不同车型在各车道分布比例是均匀的,忽视了各车道车型分布差异及车辆随机分布对疏散时间的影响。该文提出了基于车道车型分布差异的隧道车辆随机布置算法,并开发了对应的公路隧道火灾及疏散模拟车辆随机布置(RAVT)系统。综合运用RAVT及疏散仿真模拟软件Pathfinder,以两车道隧道和三车道隧道为研究对象,共设置12种场景,进行240次模拟,分析了车辆极度拥堵(车距1.5 m)、拥堵(车距5 m)、非拥堵(车距60 m)情形下车道车型分布差异及车辆随机分布对疏散时间的影响。研究结果表明:车辆极度拥堵和拥堵时,车道车型分布差异及车辆随机分布对疏散时间的影响很大。在车辆数量及车型比例均相同的情况下,不同的车辆分布方式可对疏散时间造成较大的差异,疏散时间最大值和最小值相差百分比最大达59.76 %。建议学者或工程师开展隧道疏散仿真模拟时须考虑车道车型分布差异及车辆停靠随机性的影响。该文研发的算法及系统、采用的疏散仿真模拟方法提升了隧道疏散仿真模拟的准确性和可靠性。

关键词： 公路隧道; 车道车型分布; 车辆随机分布; 疏散仿真模拟

本文引用格式

刘顶立, 李颖, 徐志胜, 刘伟军, 黄遥 . 车道车型分布差异对隧道疏散时间的影响[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024 , 64(6) : 1007 -1015 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.22.014

Abstract

[Objective] Evacuation simulation is an important method for studying tunnel safety. Previous studies on highway tunnel evacuation simulation have assumed a uniform distribution of various vehicle types across each lane. However, this overlooks the potential impact of differences in vehicle type distribution across lanes (DVTDLs) and random vehicle distribution on evacuation time. In practice, different vehicle types tend to gravitate toward specific lanes, and the volumes as well as personnel loads vary significantly among these vehicles. We propose an algorithm for the random arrangement of vehicles within a tunnel, considering DVTDLs and random vehicle distribution. Concurrently, we develop a system with randomly arranging vehicle types (RAVT).[Methods] Our proposed method randomizes the arrangement of vehicles using parameters such as the spatial coordinates of the numerical model of the tunnel, vehicle sizes, vehicle model ratios, and vehicle type distribution differences. We apply this algorithmic process to develop the RAVT system. This system, based on HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript, can quickly calculate the parameters of vehicle arrangements and personnel loads and automatically generate the corresponding fire dynamics simulator (FDS) codes. This feature enables efficient and accurate vehicle arrangement in the numerical model of fire and evacuation of road tunnels. The FDS codes serve as a tool for modeling fires and can be directly imported into Pyrosim (a graphical tool integrated with FDS) and Pathfinder (a graphical tool for evacuation simulation). Using RAVT and Pathfinder, we established 12 scenarios featuring two- and three-lane tunnels as the subjects of our research. A total of 240 simulations were conducted. Our analysis focused on the effects of DVTDLs and random vehicle distribution on evacuation time under various conditions, ranging from extremely congested (vehicle spacing of 1.5 m), and normally congested (vehicle spacing of 5 m), to noncongested (vehicle spacing of 60 m). The lane model distribution ratios were set according to both uniformly and nonuniformly distributed proportions of each lane model, the latter being more reflective of real-world situations.[Results] The results reveal several key insights:(1) DVTDLs significantly affect evacuation time under extremely congested and normally congested conditions, with the mean difference of evacuation time reaching 43.51 s at the maximum. (2) Under noncongested conditions, DVTDLs have little effect on the average evacuation time. However, a uniform distribution of vehicle models across each lane increases the variability of evacuation times. (3) Large vehicles are likely to become stranded at the pedestrian crossing entrances, particularly in congested conditions and when vehicle types are uniformly distributed across lanes. This is especially true for large vehicles in overtaking lanes, leading to potential congestion during evacuation and, subsequently, longer evacuation times. (4) Given the same number of vehicles and vehicle type proportions, different vehicle distributions can cause significant differences in evacuation time. The maximum difference observed between the longest and shortest evacuation times was 59.76 %.[Conclusions] By applying RAVT and Pathfinder software and analyzing the results, we have gained valuable insights into the effects of DVTDLs and random vehicle distribution on evacuation simulation results. We recommend that researchers and engineers consider these factors when conducting tunnel evacuation simulations. The algorithm and system developed in this study, along with the simulation method employed, provide a more scientifically robust reference for tunnel evacuation simulations.

Key words： highway tunnel; vehicle type distribution across lanes; random vehicle distribution; evacuation simulation

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