基于尾流降阶模型的涡激振动俘能效率优化研究

韩鹏; 黄桥高; 秦登辉; 潘光

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.009

清华大学学报（自然科学版） >

2024 , Vol. 64 >Issue 8: 1391 - 1400

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.009

航空航天与工程力学

基于尾流降阶模型的涡激振动俘能效率优化研究

韩鹏 ,
黄桥高 ,
秦登辉 ,
潘光

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1. 清华大学航天航空学院, 北京 100084;
2. 西北工业大学航海学院, 西安 710012;
3. 北京大学工学院, 北京 100871

收稿日期: 2023-11-27

网络出版日期: 2024-07-19

基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年项目(12302317)、重大研究计划重点项目(92252204);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M741883);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2805200)、国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZB20230322)

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Energy harvesting efficiency from fluid flow by vortex-induced vibrations: reduced-order modeling

HAN Peng ,
HUANG Qiaogao ,
QIN Denghui ,
PAN Guang

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1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China;
3. College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received date: 2023-11-27

Online published: 2024-07-19

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摘要

涡激振动(VIV)是一种典型的流固耦合(FSI)现象,除了在结构安全设计方面有重要意义外,近年来在流体动能俘获方向也展现出巨大潜力。该文采用一种基于尾流振子的低成本降阶模型(ROM),以及一种基于直接模拟的计算流体力学—流固耦合(CFD-FSI)求解器,对圆柱VIV俘能效率的全局优化问题展开研究。通过ROM模型,得到了四组不同质量比和Reynolds数下的高分辨率俘能效率优化数据,其中优化参数为阻尼比和折合速度。将ROM模型的预测结果,与CFD-FSI的高保真模拟结果和已有研究中的实测数据进行对比,验证了ROM的有效性。该文发现了最优俘能效率点受到折合速度和质量—阻尼耦合参数的控制;另外,从ROM模型的内在关键参数推论出VIV俘能设备更适于在相应结构固定绕流升力系数更高的流动条件下工作,由此解释了高Reynolds数条件下VIV俘能效率更高的现象;此外,优化结果表明低质量比条件下的VIV俘能设备工作表现更优,由此证明海流能VIV俘能收益高于风能VIV收益。

关键词： 流固耦合; 涡激振动; 流体动能俘获; 降阶模型

本文引用格式

韩鹏 , 黄桥高 , 秦登辉 , 潘光 . 基于尾流降阶模型的涡激振动俘能效率优化研究[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024 , 64(8) : 1391 -1400 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.009

Abstract

[Objective] Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is a well-known fluid-structure interaction phenomenon that holds promising potential for harnessing energy from fluid flows. The pursuit of optimizing energy conversion efficiency from VIV has garnered significant interest. However, considerable challenges, such as the costs of experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, pose significant hurdles in conducting comprehensive global optimization studies on efficiency. [Methods] In response to these challenges, this study employs a reduced-order model (ROM) based on a wake oscillator. The ROM is used to compute and optimize the energy harvesting efficiency from the VIV of a circular cylinder. The rapid computational capabilities of the ROM allow the creation of high-resolution efficiency maps across various mass ratios and Reynolds numbers. These maps encompass a broad spectrum of incoming velocities and damping ratios. They not only provide valuable insights into achieving maximum efficiency but also detailed information on the optimal damping ratio and velocity. To validate the predictions of the ROM, comparisons are drawn against experiments and CFD simulations. For cases with high Reynolds numbers (high-Re), the ROM is validated using published experimental data. Conversely, for low-Re cases where experimental data is sparse, a computational fluid-structure interaction solver, named CFD-FSI, is utilized. This tool relies on direct simulations to verify the ROM results. Despite some differences observed between the ROM, experimental outcomes, and CFD data, this study demonstrates that the maximum efficiency and its occurrence conditions predicted by the ROM are acceptable. With its cost-effectiveness, the ROM emerges as a valuable tool for investigating optimal energy harvesting efficiency and providing insights into related engineering aspects. [Results] Overall, the main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) This study contributes high-resolution global optimization maps for energy harvesting efficiency from VIV, focusing on the optimization parameters of reduced velocities and damping ratios. Additionally, it offers a cost-effective approach and solution through the use of ROM. This method seeks to achieve a high efficiency from VIV across a large number of tested cases. 2) The maximum efficiency point is found to be influenced by the incoming velocity and the product of the mass ratio and damping ratio. This implies that if fluid flow conditions, such as the Reynolds number, remain constant, the global maximum efficiency remains consistent across different VIV energy converters despite having various structural configurations. Additionally, for different VIV energy converters, the product of the mass and the optimal damping ratio, where the global maximum efficiency occurs, tends to be similar. 3) Efficiency at a high Reynolds number is shown to surpass that at Re=150 in laminar flows. This is primarily attributed to differences in lift coefficients and Strouhal numbers between high- and low-Reynolds flows. From the perspective of the ROM, a high lift coefficient might contribute to a higher converted efficiency. [Conclusions] Considering the definition of the mass ratio, the study suggests that the energy harvesting efficiency of a lighter system is more robust than that of a system with a high mass ratio. This indicates potential advantages for ocean VIV energy converters over wind VIV energy converters. Furthermore, the present work provides an effective tool to predict, analyze and optimize the energy harvesting efficiency from VIV, which would be helpful for related engineering design and future studies on this topic.

Key words： fluid-structure interaction; vortex-induced vibration (VIV); energy harvesting; reduced-order model

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