目标小行星自主光学搜索策略

穆硕; 刘辉; 宋家隆; 韩柠; 段耀武; 柳澍暄; 宝音贺西

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.26.042

清华大学学报（自然科学版） >

2024 , Vol. 64 >Issue 9: 1555 - 1564

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.26.042

航空航天

目标小行星自主光学搜索策略

穆硕 ,
刘辉 ,
宋家隆 ,
韩柠 ,
段耀武 ,
柳澍暄 ,
宝音贺西

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1. 清华大学航天航空学院, 北京 100084;
2. 北京控制与电子技术研究所, 北京 100038

穆硕(1997—),男,博士研究生。

收稿日期: 2023-11-04

网络出版日期: 2024-08-21

基金资助

国家国防科技工业局空间碎片与小行星预研项目(KJSP2020020301)

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Autonomous target asteroid search strategy using optical camera

MU Shuo ,
LIU Hui ,
SONG Jialong ,
HAN Ning ,
DUAN Yaowu ,
LIU Shuxuan ,
BAOYIN Hexi

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1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. Beijing Institute of Control & Electronic Technology, Beijing 100038, China

Received date: 2023-11-04

Online published: 2024-08-21

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摘要

近些年来, 小行星研究备受关注。小行星不仅具有重要的科研与经济价值, 同时也是威胁地球安全的因素之一。对于直径较小或观测数据较少的小行星, 其探测和防御任务更具挑战。该文结合中国首个小行星撞击任务, 针对定轨误差较大的小直径目标小行星, 利用光学相机开展撞击任务最终阶段的目标搜索方案研究。该文考虑光学相机性能、星载计算性能以及机动时间等限制因素, 设计了一种可最大化单次成像面积的目标搜索方案, 并给出了不同搜索次数可覆盖面积的解析表达式, 利用几何关系证明推导了不同视野位置的递推计算方法。Monte Carlo数值仿真结果验证了方案的有效性, 其搜索成功率可达100%。

关键词： 小行星探测; 小行星撞击; 光学搜索; 区域搜索

本文引用格式

穆硕 , 刘辉 , 宋家隆 , 韩柠 , 段耀武 , 柳澍暄 , 宝音贺西 . 目标小行星自主光学搜索策略[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024 , 64(9) : 1555 -1564 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.26.042

Abstract

[Objective] Asteroid research has become a focal point of scientific inquiry in recent years. These celestial bodies have drawn significant scientific and economic interest and pose a potential threat to the Earth's safety. This study addressed the challenges in tracking and analyzing small asteroids or those with limited observational data. These asteroids often have significant errors in their ephemeris information, which makes it difficult for impactors to capture them accurately using only these data. The challenge is compounded when the asteroid remains outside the camera's field of view after adjustments based on the ephemeris positions. Therefore, an efficient and rapid search strategy must be adopted to adjust the camera's direction, ensuring that the asteroid is viewed. [Methods] This research is based on China's inaugural asteroid impact mission. The focus is on the final-stage target search strategies for asteroids with small diameters but significant orbit determination errors, employing optical cameras. A critical challenge in this mission is the high relative speed between the impactor and the target asteroid. This speed necessitates the completion of the entire approach and final impact within approximately 4 000 s. Thus, the search strategy must be time-efficient to fit within these strict temporal constraints. Moreover, the camera used in this mission has certain operational limitations due to the parameters involved. For example, a camera cannot capture images during impactor maneuvering. Furthermore, the captured images must be processed autonomously by the impactor's onboard computer to facilitate autonomous navigation. The camera must operate under the principle of minimal imaging, constrained by the requirement of adequate coverage area to minimize the computational load on the onboard computer and reduce the overall search time. To address these operational challenges, a scanning search strategy is designed to maximize the area covered by each imaging instance. This strategy is developed by considering two critical constraints. First, the total search duration must be less than one-tenth of the entire approach phase, which translates to less than 400 s. Second, the imaging interval must be greater than 0.5 s. The proposed strategy can effectively cover target areas of varying sizes by adjusting the number of searches. This study provides a detailed analytical expression for the achievable area coverage with varying numbers of searches. In addition, a method for recursive calculation is proposed for different field-of-view positions. This methodology is crucial to ensure the adaptability and efficiency of the search strategy in real-time scenarios. Numerical simulation techniques are applied to validate the effectiveness of the proposed search strategy. These simulations are critical for testing the strategy under various conditions and assessing its feasibility and reliability. [Results] The results of these simulations were highly encouraging. The search strategy achieved a 100% success rate, with a maximum duration of 356.2 s and an average duration of 98.3 s. The shortest duration recorded for a single search was approximately 1.5 s. [Conclusions] These results are particularly noteworthy because they demonstrate the strategy's compatibility with the performance of the camera, the computational power of the onboard computer, and maneuvering time constraints.

Key words： asteroid exploration; asteroid impact; optical search; area search

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