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李京洋(2000—), 男, 博士研究生 |
收稿日期: 2024-09-25
网络出版日期: 2025-02-18
版权
Influence and mechanism of ablation pits on the electrical contact stability of conductive slip rings
Received date: 2024-09-25
Online published: 2025-02-18
Copyright
导电滑环是航空航天、深海探测、医疗器械等领域高端装备的重要零部件, 其电接触稳定性显著影响设备运行的寿命与稳定性。烧蚀坑作为导电滑环电接触稳定性下降的重要结构特征, 对于导电滑环电接触稳定性的影响规律与机理尚未揭示清楚。该文主要开展了实验研究, 通过微纳材料力学表征与形貌分析, 证明烧蚀坑导致导电滑环表面形貌与力学特性发生一定变化, 但宏观接触面积未发生显著变化。结合导电原子力显微镜(C-AFM)技术和元素分析发现, 烧蚀过程的表面材料变化会导致与磨痕区相比, 烧蚀坑内环区黏附力降低和导电性升高, 烧蚀坑外缘区黏附力升高而导电性降低了2个数量级。烧蚀坑外缘区导电性显著下降、烧蚀坑区域微纳尺度导电性和界面黏附的波动是烧蚀坑局部电接触稳定性降低的重要原因。研究结果对理解烧蚀坑对导电滑环电接触稳定性的影响机理具有重要理论意义。
李京洋 , 高冰鉴 , 王学强 , 李飞 , 经贵如 , 白鹏鹏 , 田煜 . 烧蚀坑对导电滑环电接触稳定性的影响[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2025 , 65(2) : 280 -289 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.21.041
Objective: Conductive slip rings, essential components in rotary electrical systems, often experience contact instability due to surface ablation because of electrical arc discharge. This study examines how the position of ablation pits influences contact stability within slip rings, highlighting their detrimental impact on electrical performance. By integrating multiscale characterization, it explores the structure, composition, and properties of ablation pits formed under operational conditions. The findings aim to deepen the understanding of their effects and identify strategies for mitigating their impact. Methods: To investigate the positional dependence of ablation pits and their impact on electrical contact stability, this study employs a comprehensive multitechnique approach. The surface topography and morphology of the ablation pits are characterized using surface profile measurements. This technique provides high-resolution data on pit depth, width, and overall surface texture. Nanoindentation tests evaluated hardness and elastic modulus variations across different pit regions within the ablation pits, identifying localized changes caused by arc discharge. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses examined the chemical and structural alterations within the pits. Raman spectroscopy detected molecular-level alterations, such as the presence of graphitic or disordered carbon, whereas SEM-EDS offered data on elemental compositions. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) measured electrical conductivity variations across different pit regions, linking material changes to the slip ring performance. By combining these techniques, the study provides a thorough examination of the effects of ablation on the mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties of the slip ring material. Results: The results demonstrate a clear positional dependence of the ablation pit characteristics, with significant variations in morphology and material properties across different regions. Surface profiling showed that pits in the central area were deeper and more defined than the outer regions that appeared shallower. Nanoindentation results indicated high hardness and elastic modulus in the pit center and inner ring regions, suggesting localized transformation of the material owing to high-temperature arc discharge. Conversely, the outer regions exhibited low hardness, indicative of extensive material degradation. Raman spectroscopy results highlighted the presence of disordered and graphitic carbon deposits in the inner and central regions of the pits, further contributing to high local conductivity. These findings were supported by C-AFM measurements, which confirmed considerably increased conductivity in the central and inner regions owing to carbonaceous deposits formed during the discharge process. Finally, SEM-EDS analysis reveals compositional gradients within the pits, with high concentrations of carbon and oxygen near the center and copper depletion toward the edges, suggesting complex interactions between copper, carbon, and oxygen during ablation. Conclusions: Ablation pits introduce mechanical and electrical heterogeneities, remarkably influencing contact stability. The positional differences in pit properties are directly linked to the arc discharge process, driving localized surface modifications and material transformations. The study highlights the complex interplay among mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and material composition within the ablation pits, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying contact instability in conductive slip rings. The results improve the understanding of surface ablation and inform material design and operational strategies for mitigating its adverse effects. Addressing the challenges posed by ablation pits plays a key role in advancing the performance and reliability of conductive slip rings in demanding, high-performance applications.
Key words: conductive slip ring; electrical contact; erosion; stability
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