掘进工作面前方应力异常地-电响应特征研究

王欣宇; 王恩元; 岳建华; 朱国庆; 程德强; 刘晓斐; 李德行; 郑司建

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.26.010

清华大学学报（自然科学版） >

2025 , Vol. 65 >Issue 3: 614 - 624

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.26.010

论文

掘进工作面前方应力异常地-电响应特征研究

王欣宇 ,
王恩元 ,
岳建华 ,
朱国庆 ,
程德强 ,
刘晓斐 ,
李德行 ,
郑司建

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1. 中国矿业大学安全工程学院, 徐州 221116;
2. 中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院, 徐州 221116;
3. 中国矿业大学信息与控制工程学院, 徐州 221116;
4. 中国矿业大学碳中和研究院, 徐州 221116

收稿日期: 2024-04-25

网络出版日期: 2025-03-07

基金资助

国家重大科研仪器研制项目(52227901);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51934007);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3009900);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52204257);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20231084);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515110132)

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Investigation of the geoelectric response characteristics of stress anomalies ahead of the heading face

WANG Xinyu ,
WANG Enyuan ,
YUE Jianhua ,
ZHU Guoqing ,
CHENG Deqiang ,
LIU Xiaofei ,
LI Dexing ,
ZHENG Sijian

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1. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
2. School of Resources and Earth Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
3. School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
4. School of Carbon Neutrality Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Received date: 2024-04-25

Online published: 2025-03-07

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摘要

煤矿掘进工作面前方的应力和结构异常区是煤与瓦斯突出的高发区域。为研究直流电法应用于煤体应力分布和异常区超前探测的可行性, 该文开展了煤样单轴分级加载视电阻率测试试验, 研究了煤样单轴分级加载过程中, 视电阻率的时空演化规律; 利用直流电法超前探技术对突出矿井的掘进工作面进行了连续跟踪探测, 揭示了煤矿掘进工作面前方的应力分布与视电阻率的区域对应关系, 以及应力异常区域的地-电响应特征, 并与钻屑量和实际揭露情况进行了对比验证。该文研究结果表明：受载煤样的视电阻率时空演化规律与应力变化密切相关, 高阻区域和视电阻率均值随应力增加呈先减少后增大的趋势, 煤样的结构演变是视电阻率变化的主要原因; 掘进工作面前方的视电阻率与煤体应力分布较吻合, 从迎头向煤体深处, 呈先降低后缓慢升高, 并逐渐趋于稳定的变化趋势, 能基本反映应力“三带”分布情况; 当原岩应力区出现较明显的高低阻不规律分布特征时, 可视为应力或结构异常区域响应信号; 基于钻屑量和后期揭露发现, 视电阻率划分区域与实际情况的一致性较高, 表明直流电法可有效探测和识别煤岩体掘进工作面前方的应力分布和异常区域。该文研究结果不仅可为基于直流电法的煤与瓦斯突出危险区域精准超前探测提供理论依据和技术支撑, 还可为拓展煤岩动力灾害超前预警提供参考。

关键词： 煤与瓦斯突出; 直流电法; 探测预警; 应力异常; 灾害防控

本文引用格式

王欣宇 , 王恩元 , 岳建华 , 朱国庆 , 程德强 , 刘晓斐 , 李德行 , 郑司建 . 掘进工作面前方应力异常地-电响应特征研究[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025 , 65(3) : 614 -624 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.26.010

Abstract

[Objective] Coal and gas outbursts are significant disasters impeding the safe and efficient production of coal mines. The stress and structural anomaly zone ahead of the coal heading face is a high-risk incidence area for these outburst. Timely and precise detection of spatial characteristics in front of the heading face for stress anomalies is crucial for disaster prediction. However, relevant research and methodologies are currently inadequate. [Methods] This study explores the feasibility of using the direct current (DC) method for the advanced detection of stress distributions and anomalous zones in coal seams. Experiments were conducted on coal samples under uniaxial graded loading to test apparent resistivity and the temporal and spatial evolution laws of apparent resistivity during this process were investigated. Subsequently, continuous tracking and advanced detection were performed on the heading face of a mine using the DC method. The regional correspondence between the stress distribution and apparent resistivity was analyzed in the coal rock body in front of the heading face. This analysis was compared with drilling chip indexes and actual excavation results. Results revealed the characteristics of the geos-spatial response in the stress anomaly. [Results] The temporal and spatial evolution of the apparent resistivity in loaded coal samples was closely related to stress changes. High-resistance regions and mean apparent resistivity initially decreased and then increased with increasing stress, which was attributed primarily to structural evolution in the coal samples. The apparent resistivity of the heading face coincided with the stress distribution of the coal seam, showing an initial decrease followed by a gradual increase and stabilization from the headland to the inner part of the coal seam. This pattern refleced the distribution of pressure relief zones, stress concentration zones, and original stress zones in the coal body. When irregular high and low resistances were observed in the original stress region, they indicated stress or structural anomalies. [Conclusions] The spatiotemporal evolution law of apparent resistivity in loaded coal samples accurately reflects the stress levels and damage evolution. The apparent resistivity response characteristics at the coal seam front aligned well with the spatial stress distribution. Irregular high and low resistance anomalies in apparent resistivity, deviating from the typical “stress three zones” distribution, are key indicators of stress or structural anomalies in the coal rock body. The detection results are verified using the drilling chip index and on-site excavation. The findings indicate a good correspondence between the detection results and verification indices. Notably, all classified stress anomaly areas are identified as having a high risk of coal and gas outbursts. When detecte the stress distribution state of coal body by DC method, the ideal detection accuracy can be obtained by narrowing the detection range and increasing the density of electrode arrangement within a reasonable range. This suggests that the DC method can effectively detect and identify stress distributions and anomaly areas ahead of the heading face. The research results provide a solid theoretical basis and technical support for using the DC method to assess coal and gas outburst risks. Furthermore, this approach introduces possibilities for the advanced detection and early warning of coal rock dynamic disasters.

Key words： coal and gas outburst; direct current method; detection and early warning; stress anomaly; disaster prevention and control

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