1 数学模型
1.1 基本模型
1.2 优化模型
2 实验设计
3 实验结果
3.1 点火过程
3.2 火焰羽流测速
表 1 实验工况 |
| 参数 | 值 |
| 燃料类型 | 乙醇 |
| 室内温度/℃ | 18 |
| 空气比热容cp/ (kJ·kg-1·K-1) | 1.004 |
| 油盘直径/mm | 25, 40, 55, 65, 75, 80, 90, 100, 105, 110 |
| 热释放速率/kW | 0.19, 0.52, 0.91, 1.29, 1.69, 2.08, 2.63, 3.18, 3.92, 4.18 |
|
杨慎林(1987—), 男, 副教授 |
收稿日期: 2025-01-20
网络出版日期: 2025-05-24
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3107100)
国家自然科学基金项目(52206139)
国家自然科学基金项目(52476111)
国家自然科学基金项目(52176103)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(JZ2024HGTG0303)
版权
Optical flow-based velocimetry algorithm for schlieren images of flame plume
Received date: 2025-01-20
Online published: 2025-05-24
Copyright
在火焰羽流速度测量上, 传统的测量方法依托Pitot管、感烟探针、热线风速仪等流场侵入式测量手段, 难以呈现整个羽流在时间和空间上的未受干扰的流动状态。为了观测到火焰羽流, 该文借助纹影对火焰羽流进行可视化。结合Navier-Stokes动量方程, 提出了一种适用于流场的优化光流测速算法。该算法在火焰羽流纹影图像上的测试结果比基本光流算法展现出更加平滑的光流场和更加均匀的涡度场, 在求解的过程中前几次迭代收敛速度更快, 最终获得的光流场精度更高。在火焰羽流测速实验中, 相比于基本光流算法, 该算法展现出更强的鲁棒性, 计算结果更接近Heskestad预测模型, 对火焰羽流速度的测量更加稳定和准确。
关键词: 光流算法; 火焰羽流测速; 纹影; 粒子图像测速(PIV)
杨慎林 , 赵磊 , 王赫卿 , 李满厚 . 基于光流的火焰羽流纹影测速算法[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2025 , 65(6) : 1153 -1160 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.22.019
Objective: Flow velocity measurement methods for weak flame plumes face several challenges due to the complex dynamics involved. Flame plumes, driven by buoyancy forces, are inherently turbulent, with the plume motion accompanied by the entrainment of the surrounding air. The boundary between the plume and the environment continuously evolves in space, making it difficult to capture the plume's true flow characteristics. Past plume velocity measurement methods rely on intrusive methods, using tools such as Pitot tubes, smoke probes, and hot-wire anemometers. These methods disrupt the plume flow field and cannot accurately reflect the undisturbed temporal and spatial characteristics of the entire plume, thereby limiting their applicability for a detailed analysis of weak flame plumes. Methods: To address these challenges, we employed the schlieren imaging technique to visualize flame plumes. This nonintrusive visualization technique allowed the capture of the flow field induced by buoyancy forces at a high resolution. Industrial cameras were used to record the ignition process and flame plume dynamics at varying heights and oil pan diameters. By analyzing the schlieren images, we aimed to overcome the limitations of traditional measurement methods. In this study, we derived a simplified two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation to develop an optimized optical flow (OF) algorithm tailored for velocity measurements in flow fields. The proposed algorithm was applied to the schlieren images of flame plumes, showing significant improvements over conventional OF methods. Results: The key advancements of the optimized algorithm are as follows. (1) Enhanced sensitivity and precision: The optimized algorithm produces smoother displacement fields and more uniform vorticity fields. This enables the detection of finer vortex structures that are often overlooked by conventional OF methods. By improving the resolution and accuracy of the calculated flow field, the algorithm provides a more detailed representation of the flame plume's dynamics. (2) Rapid convergence: During the velocity calculation process, the optimized algorithm achieves rapid convergence. The energy residual after the first iteration is reduced to less than 10-2, and the energy residual in the final OF field remains below 10-5. This indicates that the proposed algorithm achieves a high accuracy in fewer iterations, making it computationally efficient. (3) Improved robustness in experimental validation: In flame plume velocity measurement experiments, the optimized algorithm demonstrates superior robustness compared with conventional OF methods. A dimensional analysis of the results shows a significant improvement in the fit between the predicted and measured values. Specifically, the coefficient of determination (R2) increases from 0.90 for the conventional OF method to 0.98 for the optimized algorithm. Additionally, the measured results are in close agreement with the Heskestad model results. While conventional OF methods show an average error range of -20%-30% in the plume region, the optimized algorithm reduces this error range to -5%-20%. This reduction highlights the enhanced accuracy and reliability of the optimized algorithm. Conclusions: Overall, the proposed algorithm provides a more stable, accurate, and efficient approach for measuring the velocity of weak flame plumes. By addressing the limitations of conventional OF measurement techniques and aligning more closely with theoretical prediction models, this study offers a valuable contribution to the flame plume analysis. These findings pave the way for the improved understanding and modeling of fire dynamics, with potential applications in fire safety engineering and combustion research.
表 1 实验工况 |
| 参数 | 值 |
| 燃料类型 | 乙醇 |
| 室内温度/℃ | 18 |
| 空气比热容cp/ (kJ·kg-1·K-1) | 1.004 |
| 油盘直径/mm | 25, 40, 55, 65, 75, 80, 90, 100, 105, 110 |
| 热释放速率/kW | 0.19, 0.52, 0.91, 1.29, 1.69, 2.08, 2.63, 3.18, 3.92, 4.18 |
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