在航天器分离的地面模拟试验中，其受力状态的准确施加是试验的关键环节。该文基于航天器主动式分离试验方案，研究了航天器在高速分离过程中的绳索索力传递问题。首先通过Newton运动定律推导了绳索提升系统的动力学模型；然后引入测试函数，使用空间离散的方法对二阶偏微分方程求解，得到绳索在运动过程中的受力关系，并探索其对绳索索力的影响因素；最后通过数值仿真及实例进行验证。结果表明：该模型能够准确模拟绳索受力状态，对航天器主动式高速分离试验具有指导性意义。
Ground simulation tests of spacecraft separation require accurate force predictions as the key link in the tests. This study analyzed the cable force transfer during high-speed spacecraft separation tests. A dynamic model of the cable hoist system was developed based on Newton's laws. The second-order partial differential equation for the test function was then solved using spatial discretization. The solution predicted the force on the rope as it moved to study the factors influencing the force. The model accuracy was verified by numerical examples. The results show that the model can accurately simulate the force on the rope for high-speed spacecraft separation tests.
[1] BENDURA R J, LUNDSTROM R R, RENFROE P G, et al. Flight tests of Viking parachute system in three Mach number regimes. 2:Parachute test results:NASA TN D-7734[R]. Washington:NASA, 1974.
[2] EDQUIST K T. Computations of Viking lander capsule hypersonic aerodynamics with comparisons to ground and flight data[C]//AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. Keystone, United States:AIAA, 2006:6137-6145.
[3] NEEB D, GVLHAN A, AUGENSTEIN E. Experimental study of ExoMars sub and transonic aerodynamics and heat shield separation in HST[C]//Proceedings of 7th European Symposium on Aerothermodynamics. Brugge, Belgium, 2011:11-19.
[4] 孙泽洲, 张熇, 贾阳, 等. 嫦娥三号探测器地面验证技术[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2014, 44(4):369-376. SUN Z Z, ZHANG H, JIA Y, et al. Ground validation technologies for Chang'E-3 lunar spacecraft[J]. Scientia Sinica Technologica, 2014, 44(4):369-376. (in Chinese)
[5] SCHAFFERS W J. The vibration of shaft ropes with time-variable length, treated by means of Riemann's method[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1961, 83(1):68-72.
[6] CHEN Y. On the longitudinal vibration of a moving elevator cable-car system[D]. Baltimore:University of Maryland, 2008.
[7] CHEN C Y. Lateral-axial coupling and boundary conditioning of vibrating strings and cables[D]. Montreal:Concordia University, 2007.
[8] DIAO X M, MA O. Vibration analysis of cable-driven parallel manipulators[J]. Multibody System Dynamics, 2009, 21(4):347-360.
[9] 包继虎, 张鹏, 朱昌明. 变长度提升系统钢丝绳纵向振动特性[J]. 振动与冲击, 2013, 32(15):173-177. BAO J H, ZHANG P, ZHU C M. Longitudinal vibration of rope hoisting systems with time-varying length[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2013, 32(15):173-177. (in Chinese)
[10] BAO J H, ZHANG P, ZHU C M. Modeling and control of longitudinal vibration on flexible hoisting systems with time-varying length[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2011, 15:4521-4526.
[11] ZHU W D, REN H. An accurate spatial discretization and substructure method with application to moving elevator cable-car systems-Part I:Methodology[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 2013, 135(5):051036.
[12] BAMDAD M. Analytical dynamic solution of a flexible cable-suspended manipulator[J]. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 8(4):350-359.
[13] WANG L, CAO G H, WANG N G, et al. Modeling and dynamic behavior analysis of rope-guided traction system with terminal tension acting on compensating rope[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2019, 2019:6362198.
[14] WANG N G, CAO G H, YAN L, et al. Modeling and control for a multi-rope parallel suspension lifting system under spatial distributed tensions and multiple constraints[J]. Symmetry, 2018, 10(9):412-419.
[15] ZHANG Q, YANG Y H, HOU T, et al. Dynamic analysis of high-speed traction elevator and traction car-rope time-varying system[J]. Noise & Vibration Worldwide, 2019, 50(2):37-45.
