城镇化和功能疏解对北京市蒸散发的影响

刘家宏; 刘创; 周晋军; 邵薇薇

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.26.035

清华大学学报（自然科学版） >

2022 , Vol. 62 >Issue 12: 1964 - 1971

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.26.035

水利水电工程

城镇化和功能疏解对北京市蒸散发的影响

刘家宏 ,
刘创 ,
周晋军 ,
邵薇薇

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1. 中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室，北京 100038;
2. 水利部水资源与水生态工程技术研究中心，北京 100044;
3. 北京工业大学城市建设学部，北京 100124

收稿日期: 2021-05-18

网络出版日期: 2022-11-10

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Effects of urbanization and functional relief on evaporation in Beijing

LIU Jiahong ,
LIU Chuang ,
ZHOU Jinjun ,
SHAO Weiwei

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1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;
2. Engineering and Technology Research Center for Water Resources and Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100044, China;
3. Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Received date: 2021-05-18

Online published: 2022-11-10

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摘要

快速城镇化改变了城市土地利用结构, 致使城市区域的蒸散发发生变化。城市区域除了常见下垫面的蒸发, 建筑内部的蒸发耗水也不可忽略。根据下垫面的不同功能, 城镇建设用地可分为道路、绿地、水面和建筑4种类型, 该文以北京市城六区为例, 在2000、2015和2018年的城镇化水平下, 综合自然蒸散发和建筑内部蒸发耗水, 研究了城镇化和非首都功能疏解进程对城市区域蒸散发的影响, 结果表明：城镇化进程对城镇建设用地的蒸散发具有显著增强作用, 其中人口密度是影响其蒸散发的关键因素; 非首都功能疏解降低了城市社会用水的聚集程度, 同时也降低了城市区域蒸散发。根据各类下垫面对区域蒸散发的贡献率可知, 建筑体和绿地蒸散发占据主体地位。

关键词： 城镇化; 蒸散发; 城市耗水; 土地利用; 北京市城六区

本文引用格式

刘家宏 , 刘创 , 周晋军 , 邵薇薇 . 城镇化和功能疏解对北京市蒸散发的影响[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022 , 62(12) : 1964 -1971 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.26.035

Abstract

Rapid urbanization has changed the structure of urban land use which has led to changes in evaporation rates in urban areas. Evaporation mechanisms include the common evaporation from the underlying urban surface as well as evaporation inside buildings. Urban surfaces can be divided into road, green spaces, water surfaces and buildings. This paper analyzes evaporation rates for the urbanization levels in six Beijing districts during 2000, 2015 and 2018. Both natural evaporation and the water dissipation inside buildings are considered to analyze the impact of urbanization and non-capital functions relief on the urban regional evaporation. The results show that urbanization significantly enhances the evaporation from urban construction land and the population density is the key factor affecting the evaporation. The deconstruction of the non-capital function reduces the urban social water use and the urban regional evaporation. This analysis of the contributions from the various underlying surfaces to the regional evaporation shows that buildings and green spaces provide most of the evaporation.

Key words： urbanization; evaporation; urban water dissipation; land use type; Beijing districts

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