[Objective] With the wide application of lithium-ion battery (LIB) in electronic devices, new energy vehicles, and energy storage power stations, the risk of fire and explosion accidents caused by the thermal runaway (TR) of LIB modules has increased, significantly hindering the development of the new energy industry of LIB. The influence of ventilation on TR and its propagation in LIB modules is complex and requires further investigation. [Methods] This study constructed a longitudinal ventilation environment and used an LIB module composed of five 5 Ah ternary lithium-ion batteries as the experimental object. By varying the wind speed, parameters such as the battery surface temperature, flue gas concentration, TR propagation time, and mass loss rate of LIB modules were compared and analyzed. This approach aims to clarify the dual action mechanism of the oxygen supply for combustion and heat dissipation from longitudinal ventilation on TR and its propagation in the LIB module. [Results] The experiments showed that under wind speeds of 2.0, 3.0, and 4.5 m/s, the combustion of the LIB module intensified during the TR process. The average temperature and temperature increased rate of the LIB module, the TR propagation time decreased, and the volume fraction of oxygen and carbon dioxide production increased. The radiant heat flux and mass loss rate of the LIB module were higher compared with nonwind conditions. At wind speeds of 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 m/s, the TR phenomenon of the LIB module gradually weakened with increasing wind speed. At 7.5 and 9.0 m/s, the TR phenomenon did not appear in the initial phase of fire and combustion. The average temperature and temperature rise rate of the LIB module decreased, and the propagation time of TR was effectively extended. During TR, the oxygen volume fraction increased significantly, carbon dioxide production decreased, and the radiant heat flux and mass loss rate of the LIB module were correspondingly lower than those under no-wind conditions. [Conclusions] The results show that the influence of longitudinal ventilation on TR and TR propagation in the LIB module is determined by the synergistic effects of the oxygen supply, which promote combustion and heat dissipation. The dominant mechanism varies significantly with different wind speeds. At wind speeds of 2.0, 3.0, and 4.5 m/s, the oxygen supply promoting the combustion effect is dominant, enhancing TR and its propagation in the LIB module, with the strongest effect occurring at 2.0 m/s, followed by 3.0 m/s, and the weakest effect occurring at 4.5 m/s. At wind speeds of 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 m/s, the heat dissipation effect is dominant, inhibiting TR and its propagation, with inhibitory effects increasing along with wind speed. The research results provide theoretical and technical support for the thermal safety of LIB and their application in the new energy sector.
Key words
lithium-ion battery /
thermal runaway propagation /
longitudinal ventilation /
oxygen supply promotes combustion /
heat dissipation and cooling
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