Review and prospect of microgravity single droplet combustion research

Haiyu SONG; Hengyi ZHOU; Wenyi ZHANG; Zixuan DING; Yuhang SUN; Yucheng LIU

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.037

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Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology) ›› 2025, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (9) : 1736-1762. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.037

Microgravity Combustion

Review and prospect of microgravity single droplet combustion research

Haiyu SONG ¹ ,
Hengyi ZHOU ¹ ,
Wenyi ZHANG ¹ ,
Zixuan DING ¹ ,
Yuhang SUN ¹ ,
Yucheng LIU ¹^,²^,*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Significance: Single droplet combustion in a microgravity environment is an important model for understanding spray combustion. This study aims to enrich the theory of droplet combustion, providing crucial insights for practical applications such as engine design of aerospace and other spray combustion systems. Progress: By combining single droplet combustion experiments in microgravity with numerical simulations, this study discusses unique phenomena and analyzes the influence of various uncertainties, such as experimental methods and environmental conditions, on combustion characteristics. This study begins by explaining the D² law, a fundamental theory of single droplet combustion, and its influencing factors. Then, it focuses on the suspending fiber wire technique, analyzing how it affects droplet combustion characteristics. This study examines soot shell formation, flame extinction phenomena, and cool flames during droplet combustion, discussing the mechanisms behind soot shell generation and its influence on the combustion process. The single-droplet flame, a typical diffusion flame, is affected by radiation extinction and diffusion extinction. The cool flame is controlled by the low-temperature oxidation reaction of hydrocarbon fuel, leading to a complex multistage ignition process in droplet combustion. In addition, this study reviews how high-pressure environments affect combustion characteristics and explores phenomena such as preferential evaporation and possible microexplosions during multicomponent droplet combustion. Finally, research on alternative fuels and biofuels reveals that biofuels produce considerably lower soot emissions than conventional hydrocarbon fuels. Conclusions and Prospects: By combining experiments and numerical simulations, this study expanded basic combustion theory through new phenomena observed in microgravity experiments, offering new ideas for developing microgravity experiments and improving numerical models. These experiments on single-droplet combustion in a microgravity environment made several important contributions: using new phenomena to address gaps in droplet combustion theory; revealing fundamental characteristics of autoignition, quasi-steady-state combustion, and extinction of different liquid fuels through experiments under reduced buoyancy convection conditions; and establishing a novel theoretical framework for droplet combustion based on multistage reaction flame structures. However, the experimental and theoretical aspects of single-droplet combustion in the microgravity environment still face several challenges: deficiencies in optical diagnostics for high-pressure combustion experiments, the lack of a large amount of experimental data to support relevant theories in high-pressure environments, the controversy of the pressure effect in microexplosions, insufficient experimental data for practical fuel surrogates, the difficulty in accurately using simple models with few components to develop representations of complex surrogates for practical fuels, and the lack of research data on new liquid fuels (e.g., biodiesel). Addressing these challenges can provide theoretical support for developing new combustion technologies and facilitate the transition to green and low-carbon energy solutions.

Key words

microgravity / single droplet / soot / flame extinction / cool flame / high pressure / multicomponent

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Haiyu SONG , Hengyi ZHOU , Wenyi ZHANG , et al . Review and prospect of microgravity single droplet combustion research[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2025, 65(9): 1736-1762 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.037

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