Research progress in soot formation of gas diffusion flames under microgravity

Dezheng LI; Yang ZHANG; Hai ZHANG

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.054

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Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology) ›› 2025, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (9) : 1638-1652. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.054

Microgravity Combustion

Research progress in soot formation of gas diffusion flames under microgravity

Dezheng LI ¹ ,
Yang ZHANG ¹^,²^,* ,
Hai ZHANG ¹

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Abstract

Significance: Research on soot formation in gas flames under microgravity conditions is a key area in combustion science. Studying soot production in microgravity environments not only elucidates fire behavior in space stations but also eliminates the influence of natural convection, creating a more controlled flame environment for detailed exploration of soot formation processes. The importance of microgravity research lies in its ability to provide essential data for advancing theoretical models and clarifying soot formation mechanisms. This research holds valuable implications for improving combustion technologies, benefiting applications on Earth and in space. Progress: This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in the study of soot formation in gas flames under microgravity conditions. The review systematically summarizes research progress, emphasizing soot formation pathways, smoke point studies, and primary factors influencing soot formation in microgravity. Key methods covered include both qualitative and quantitative analyses, with a focus on advanced diagnostic techniques such as flame emission spectroscopy and laser-induced incandescence, which provide detailed data on soot concentration, particle size, and distribution. The findings indicate that most current research is centered on qualitative descriptions of soot formation, with a marked gap in quantitative analysis and detailed mechanistic insights. The necessity of multifactor coupling studies under microgravity is also highlighted to clarify the combined effects of variables such as fuel type, oxygen concentration, pressure, flow rate, and preheating on soot formation. Advanced diagnostic techniques are increasingly becoming essential tools for measuring soot concentration in space experiments. Conclusions and Prospects: The review concludes that although substantial progress has been achieved, future research should prioritize more detailed quantitative analyses and the development of comprehensive models to uncover fundamental soot formation mechanisms. Continued advancements and application of diagnostic techniques in space experiments are essential. Potential research directions include exploring novel diagnostic methods, improving measurement accuracy and reliability, and examining the effects of various external conditions on soot formation. As space research facilities, such as the Chinese Space Station, continue to advance, these developments will support more comprehensive experimental designs, multifactor coupling studies, and the integration of advanced diagnostic techniques with numerical simulations. These efforts will be critical for devising effective soot control strategies, thereby advancing combustion science and promoting cleaner, more efficient combustion technologies for both space and terrestrial applications. The review calls for collaborative efforts within the scientific community to leverage the advancements in microgravity research to further elucidate soot formation processes.

Key words

microgravity combustion / soot formation / gas fuel / influencing factors

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Dezheng LI , Yang ZHANG , Hai ZHANG. Research progress in soot formation of gas diffusion flames under microgravity[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2025, 65(9): 1638-1652 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2024.27.054

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