Investigation of the geoelectric response characteristics of stress anomalies ahead of the heading face

WANG Xinyu; WANG Enyuan; YUE Jianhua; ZHU Guoqing; CHENG Deqiang; LIU Xiaofei; LI Dexing; ZHENG Sijian

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.26.010

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Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology) ›› 2025, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (3) : 614-624. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.26.010

Research Article

Investigation of the geoelectric response characteristics of stress anomalies ahead of the heading face

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Abstract

[Objective] Coal and gas outbursts are significant disasters impeding the safe and efficient production of coal mines. The stress and structural anomaly zone ahead of the coal heading face is a high-risk incidence area for these outburst. Timely and precise detection of spatial characteristics in front of the heading face for stress anomalies is crucial for disaster prediction. However, relevant research and methodologies are currently inadequate. [Methods] This study explores the feasibility of using the direct current (DC) method for the advanced detection of stress distributions and anomalous zones in coal seams. Experiments were conducted on coal samples under uniaxial graded loading to test apparent resistivity and the temporal and spatial evolution laws of apparent resistivity during this process were investigated. Subsequently, continuous tracking and advanced detection were performed on the heading face of a mine using the DC method. The regional correspondence between the stress distribution and apparent resistivity was analyzed in the coal rock body in front of the heading face. This analysis was compared with drilling chip indexes and actual excavation results. Results revealed the characteristics of the geos-spatial response in the stress anomaly. [Results] The temporal and spatial evolution of the apparent resistivity in loaded coal samples was closely related to stress changes. High-resistance regions and mean apparent resistivity initially decreased and then increased with increasing stress, which was attributed primarily to structural evolution in the coal samples. The apparent resistivity of the heading face coincided with the stress distribution of the coal seam, showing an initial decrease followed by a gradual increase and stabilization from the headland to the inner part of the coal seam. This pattern refleced the distribution of pressure relief zones, stress concentration zones, and original stress zones in the coal body. When irregular high and low resistances were observed in the original stress region, they indicated stress or structural anomalies. [Conclusions] The spatiotemporal evolution law of apparent resistivity in loaded coal samples accurately reflects the stress levels and damage evolution. The apparent resistivity response characteristics at the coal seam front aligned well with the spatial stress distribution. Irregular high and low resistance anomalies in apparent resistivity, deviating from the typical “stress three zones” distribution, are key indicators of stress or structural anomalies in the coal rock body. The detection results are verified using the drilling chip index and on-site excavation. The findings indicate a good correspondence between the detection results and verification indices. Notably, all classified stress anomaly areas are identified as having a high risk of coal and gas outbursts. When detecte the stress distribution state of coal body by DC method, the ideal detection accuracy can be obtained by narrowing the detection range and increasing the density of electrode arrangement within a reasonable range. This suggests that the DC method can effectively detect and identify stress distributions and anomaly areas ahead of the heading face. The research results provide a solid theoretical basis and technical support for using the DC method to assess coal and gas outburst risks. Furthermore, this approach introduces possibilities for the advanced detection and early warning of coal rock dynamic disasters.

Key words

coal and gas outburst / direct current method / detection and early warning / stress anomaly / disaster prevention and control

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WANG Xinyu, WANG Enyuan, YUE Jianhua, ZHU Guoqing, CHENG Deqiang, LIU Xiaofei, LI Dexing, ZHENG Sijian. Investigation of the geoelectric response characteristics of stress anomalies ahead of the heading face[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2025, 65(3): 614-624 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.26.010

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