Dam concrete pouring needs accurate non-contact infrared temperature measurements and temperature control. This paper presents an infrared temperature measurement algorithm for dam concrete surfaces based on concrete surface temperature measurements for various ambient temperatures at various distances. The algorithm was then applied to an infrared concrete temperature measurement system for super-high arch dams in complex environments. The tests show that this system provides accurate, real-time, and on-line temperature monitoring of the concrete production, transport and pouring at a site test in the Wudongde Hydropower Station. The system provides continuous boundary conditions including the temperatures for analyzing the dam characteristics. The study results provide a reference for on-line temperature monitoring of similar engineering systems.