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Explicit construction of QC-LDPC codes based on the shifting sequence method
Received date: 2024-12-02
Online published: 2025-11-07
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Objective: The performance of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes is adversely impacted by the presence of short cycles, particularly 4-cycles and 6-cycles. Existing methods to eliminate these short cycles can be generally divided into two categories: search-based methods and explicit methods. Search-based methods, such as symmetrical construction, typically involve extensive searches for exponent matrices that satisfy specific structural constraints. This results in a complex search process and high description complexity for QC-LDPC codes. In contrast, explicit methods, such as the greatest common divisor (GCD) and shifting sequence (SS) methods, leverage specific mathematical formulas to directly define the required exponent matrix. This eliminates the need for computer-based searches and leads to lower description complexity. Additionally, the column weight is a crucial factor influencing the performance of QC-LDPC codes. Existing explicit construction methods that ensure the absence of 4-cycles and 6-cycles are primarily applicable to QC-LDPC codes with column weight 3. However, methods suitable for column weight 4 are still relatively rare. The objective of this study is to investigate a novel explicit construction method for QC-LDPC codes with column weight 4, girth 8, and excellent decoding performance. Methods: Inspired by the SS method for constructing QC-LDPC codes with column weight 3, this paper introduces a novel SS method to design QC-LDPC codes with column weight 4. The core methodology involves two steps: directly defining two original sequences using mathematical formulas and then generating two derived sequences by right shifting the original sequences. These four sequences together form the required exponent matrix. Subsequently, an analysis is conducted to verify that for any circulant size above a certain lower bound, the governing equations for 4-cycles and 6-cycles do not hold. Finally, the sum-product algorithm (SPA) is employed to simulate the newly constructed codes and compare their decoding performances with those of several typical QC-LDPC codes. Results: Through a rigorous mathematical analysis of the governing equations for 4-cycles and 6-cycles, it is concluded that when the circulant size is greater than or equal to the difference between the maximum element and half of the row weight, neither 4-cycles nor 6-cycles exist. Moreover, due to the presence of 8-cycles, the newly constructed codes exhibit a girth of exactly 8. Simulation results indicate that the new codes outperform codes constructed using the GCD method and perform similarly to codes based on symmetrical construction but with a significantly simpler construction process. Furthermore, the new codes have the potential to outperform 5G codes in the high-signal-to-noise region. Conclusions: A novel explicit construction method for high-performance QC-LDPC codes is proposed, offering the following advantages: 1) applicability to any row weight L and 2) elimination of the need for exhaustive searches, allowing QC-LDPC codes to be explicitly constructed through mathematical formulas, thereby significantly reducing description complexity.
Guohua ZHANG , Mei LI , Mengjuan LOU , Yi FANG . Explicit construction of QC-LDPC codes based on the shifting sequence method[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2025 , 65(11) : 2017 -2023 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.27.034
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